Rough
lumber of coniferous species.
Interpretation of Russian export grading rules in accordance to GOST 26002-83
1. Dimensions:
1.1 Sawn lumber is subdivided:
By
thickness: |
Thin |
16 - 22 mm |
|
Medium |
25 - 44 mm |
|
Thick |
50 - 100 mm |
|
By width: |
Narrow |
75 - 125 mm |
|
Wide |
150 mm and wider |
|
|
By length: |
Short |
450 - 2400 mm |
|
Long |
2700 - 6300 mm |
|
|
1.2. Nominal thickness and
width are guided by standard GOST 24454-80, where thickness of the
lumber shall not exceed 100 mm.
1.3. Lengths of lumber are
ranged:
from 1500 mm and up with a step of 300 mm;
from 450 mm up to 1350 mm with a step of 150 mm;
Lumber with length from 450 mm up to 1350 mm is manufactured by an order
of State foreign trade organization.
1.4. Nominal dimensions of
lumber are established for the wood of MC
(moisture content) 20%. With MC of more or less than 20%, actual thickness
and width of lumber shall be more or less than nominal dimensions in
correlation with shrinkage value according to standard GOST 6782.1-75.
1.5. Limiting deviations from
nominal dimensions of lumber shall not exceed in mm:
By
length
|
+
25
|
-
12
|
By
width
|
+
3
|
-
2
|
By
thickness:
|
|
|
thickness less than 50 mm
|
+
2
|
-
1
|
thickness 50 mm und up
|
+
3
|
-
2
|
Volume of lumber with maximum
admitted deviations shall not exceed 25% of total volume of lumber.
2. Technical Requirements
2.1. Lumber shall be
manufactured in accordance to the requirements of the present technology
standard for the wood of Pine, Spruce, Fir and Larch species.
2.2. Lumber is subdivided by
quality of the wood and by its machining into 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 grades.
2.3. Lumber is arranged:
By dimensions;
By species;
By grades:
U/S Unsorted (combining 1, 2, 3
grades together, the percentage correlation of which shall correspond to the
natural recovery of lumber while sawing);
4
grade separately;
5
grade separately;
Up
to 15% of Fir is admitted in a load of Spruce lumber.
2.4. MC moisture content of
lumber shall not exceed 22%. Variation of the moisture content is admitted
by custom orders.
2.5. Antiseptic treatment of
lumber is per standard GOST 10950-78.
2.6. Quality of the wood and
manufacture of lumber shall correspond to the requirements specified in
tables 1-3.
Pine
and Larch Lumber
Table 1
Wood
defects |
Limiting
norms of wood defects by grades |
1
grade |
2
grade |
3
grade |
4
grade |
5
grade |
size |
number |
size |
number |
size |
number |
size |
number |
size |
number |
1.
Knots
1.1. Intergrown knots
1.1.1. Round and Oval
1.1.1.1. Face |
Admitted
on outside face in dimensions in mm and number in pieces on
average per 1000 mm of length of lumber. |
In thick wide sawn lumber
|
13-17 |
1 |
18-27 |
1 |
28-38 |
2 |
Admitted |
over 38
up to 50 |
1 |
In thick narrow lumber |
10-14 |
1 |
15-24 |
1 |
25 |
2 |
Admitted |
over 25
up to 38 |
2 |
In medium wide lumber |
10-14 |
1 |
15-18 |
1 |
19-25 |
3 |
Admitted |
over 25
up to
38
|
1 |
In medium narrow lumber |
10-14 |
1 |
15-18 |
1 |
19-25 |
3 |
Admitted |
over 25
up to
32
|
1 |
In thin lumber |
10-14 |
1 |
15-18 |
1 |
19-22 |
2 |
Admitted |
over 22
up to32 |
1 |
In lumber of 75 mm wide
knots shall not exceed: |
1/4 |
1/3 |
1/2 |
2/3 |
Admitted |
of face
width |
Number
of knots on the inside face of lumber of 1 & 2 grades is
admitted twice more and in
3 grade one and a half times more than
for outside face. |
1.1.1.2. Edge
& corner
|
Admitted
on each edge with dimensions in mm and number in pieces for entire
length of a piece: |
In
thick lumber: |
up
to 6 |
3-4 |
7-12 |
3-5 |
13-16 |
5-8 |
Admitted |
13-19 |
3-5 |
over
16
up to 25 |
3-5 |
over
25
up to 32 |
3 |
In
medium lumber: |
up
to 6 |
2-3 |
7-12 |
2-4 |
13-16 |
2-4 |
Admitted |
13-19 |
2-3 |
over
16
up to
3/4 of
thickness |
2-4 |
In
thin lumber: |
up
to 6 |
1-2 |
7-10 |
1-2 |
up
to
2/3 of
thickness |
2 |
Admitted |
1.1.1.3. End |
Admitted
on each end with dimensions in mm and number in pieces: |
Not
admitted |
25 |
1 |
Admitted |
1.1.2.
Spike, branchy including appeared on corners, and edge |
Admitted
on the inside face of sawn timber (lumber) in total number of intergrown
round and oval knots with dimensions and amount as per paragraphs
1.1.1.1.; 1.1.1.2.
|
Dimension
of knots in mm by maximum diameter is admitted of not more than: |
38 |
50 |
admitted |
Appearing
of knots on edges: |
Admitted
with appearing on edge of not more than: |
Not
admitted |
1/4
of the
thickness |
1/3
of the
thickness |
Admitted |
Wood
defects |
Limiting
norms of wood defects by grades |
1
grade |
2
grade |
3
grade |
4
grade |
5
grade |
size |
number |
size |
number |
size |
number |
size |
number |
size |
number |
1.2. Encased sound,
unsound, decayed, rotten
1.2.1.
Face
|
Admitted on the outside
face within the amount of intergrown sound knots with dimensions
in mm and number in pieces in average per 1000 mm of the length of
lumber: |
In thick wide sawn timber
lumber |
Not admitted |
25 |
1 |
63 |
1 |
Admitted
Knot
holes shall not exceed 32 mm in narrow and 38 mm in wide sawn timber
(lumber) |
Through the board
unsound, decayed and rotten |
Not admitted |
25 |
1 |
In thick narrow lumber |
Not admitted |
19 |
1 |
50 |
1 |
Through the board
unsound, decayed and rotten |
Not admitted |
25 |
1 |
In medium wide lumber |
Not admitted |
19 |
1 |
50 |
1 |
Through the board
unsound, decayed and rotten |
Not admitted |
19 |
1 |
In medium narrow lumber |
Not admitted |
13 |
1 |
38 |
1 |
Through the board
unsound, decayed and rotten |
Not admitted |
19 |
1 |
In
thin lumber |
Not admitted |
Only
sound |
13 |
1 |
38 |
1 |
Through the board
unsound, decayed and rotten |
19 |
1 |
In
lumber of 75 mm wide of all thickness the knot's sizes shall not exceed: |
Not admitted |
1/3 |
1/2 |
2/3 |
Of
width of face |
1.2.2. Edge and corner, including knot holes |
Admitted on each edge with
dimensions in mm and by number in pieces on the entire length of lumber. |
In thick lumber |
Not admitted |
13 |
1-2 |
38 |
2-4 |
Admitted |
In medium lumber |
Sound only |
Not admitted |
10 |
1-2 |
32 |
2-4 |
Admitted |
In thin lumber |
Sound only |
Not admitted |
6 |
1-2 |
25 |
2-4 |
Admitted |
Knot holes not more than: |
Not admitted |
Admitted with depth not more
than: |
Admitted |
In thick - 1/4 |
thickness
of lumber with showing on outside face not more than 2,0 mm |
Admitted |
In medium - 1/3 |
In thin - 1/2 |
Of thickness of lumber |
Wood
defects |
Limiting
norms of wood defects by grades |
1
grade |
2
grade |
3
grade |
4
grade |
5
grade |
size |
number |
size |
number |
size |
number |
size |
number |
size |
number |
1.2.3. End |
Not admitted
|
Admitted |
2.
Checks
2.1. Side checks
2.1.1. Face checks
2.1.1.1. Non through
|
Admitted with extent of not more than:
|
Admitted by conditions of
integrity of lumber |
1/3 |
1/2 |
2/3 |
Of the length of lumber |
Without appearing on ends
and edges |
With appearing on one end
up to 1/3 of thickness without exiting from end to edge. |
2.1.1.2.
Through
2.1.1.2.1. Through
without appearing on the end, including ring shakes
Note: |
. |
Not admitted |
Admitted without exiting
on edges from outside and inside faces with length of not more than: |
Admitted by conditions of
integrity of lumber |
In thick lumber |
1/5 (1/2) |
1/3 (2/3) |
Of the length of a piece |
In medium lumber |
1/10 (1/4) |
1/5 (1/3) |
Of the length of
lumber |
In thin lumber |
Not admitted |
Check sizes, shown
without brackets, relate to outside face; those in brackets relate to
inside face. |
2.1.1.2.2.
Through appearing on end |
Admitted with
extension from each end of not more than, mm: |
30 |
40 |
50 |
Width of
lumber |
600 |
2.1.2.
Edge checks |
Admitted: |
Shallow, length not more
than 40 mm |
Not crossing corners of
edge |
Admitted |
Wood
defects |
Limiting
norms of wood defects by grades |
1
grade |
2
grade |
3
grade |
4
grade |
5
grade |
size |
number |
size |
number |
size |
number |
size |
number |
size |
number |
2.2. End checks |
.. |
2.2.1. Heart checks |
Heart checks |
Admitted in thick
lumber on one end with length extent not more than 1/2 of width of a
piece
|
Admitted |
2.2.2. Ring shakes |
Not admitted |
Admitted
with diameter of not more than, mm:
In
lumber with width 25 to
44mm – 10
45 to
63mm – 19
above
63mm – 25
|
Admitted by conditions of
integrity of lumber |
3. Defects of wood structure |
. |
3.1.
Slope
of grain |
Admitted, if grain deviation from straight
direction per 300 mm of
length of lumber compose not more than, mm: |
Admitted |
10 |
19 |
25 |
3.2. Compression wood |
Admitted without splits
on ends |
Admitted |
3.3.
Pitch pockets
Note: |
On faces |
Admitted |
In thick lumber |
Admitted
non through with width not more than, mm: |
3 |
3 |
6 |
With
length up to, mm: |
75 |
100 |
200 |
On
each face in amount in pieces of not more than: |
2-3 |
4-6 |
8 |
In medium and thin
lumber |
Admitted
non through with width not more than, mm: |
3 |
3 |
6 |
With
length up to, mm: |
25 |
75 |
125 |
On
each face in amount in pieces of not more than: |
2-3 |
3-4 |
5 |
Without
appearing on edges and ends |
- |
Indicated
amount of pitch pockets is admitted in less numbers on outside face and
more numbers on inside face. |
On edges |
Admitted |
Not
admitted |
Admitted |
1/2
of norm for outside face |
Width
up to 3 mm;
length up to 100 mm in amount up to 4 pieces on each edge |
On ends |
Not admitted |
Admitted in medium
and thin lumber with width up to 3 mm and length up to 1/3 of width of
lumber
|
Wood
defects |
Limiting
norms of wood defects by grades |
1
grade |
2
grade |
3
grade |
4
grade |
5
grade |
size |
number |
size |
number |
size |
number |
size |
number |
size |
number |
3.4.
Pith
Note: |
Admitted in lumber of
over 25 mm thick (without ring shakes and checks) |
Admitted |
Admitted |
With extent up to 1/2 of
length of lumber appearing on one end at distance not more than 1/6 of
thickness of timber from inside face. |
With extent of total
length of lumber appearing on one end at distance not more than 1/4 of
thickness from inside face. |
Admitted in lumber of 25
mm thick and thinner |
Not admitted |
Admitted attached to
inside face with appearing on outside face. |
Admitted |
In a load of lumber of 3
grade not more than 30% of boxed heart is admitted |
3.5.
In
bark (Bark
pockets) |
Not admitted |
Admitted
on faces non through not more than 25 mm wide in amount of 1 piece up to
75 mm long and up to 3 pieces with length up to 50 mm;
On edges 2 pieces up to 2 mm wide, not more than 15 mm long; not
admitted on ends.
|
Admitted
up to 50 mm wide;
In thick lumber on one face with no limit length.
In medium and thin lumber up to 175 mm long.
|
Admitted |
3.6. Pitch
& Pitch Streaks |
Not admitted |
Admitted on faces and
edges in form of spots and streaks |
Admitted |
4. Fungal defects |
. |
4.1. Fungal heartwood stains
(streaks) |
Not admitted |
Admitted
in thick lumber on face or edge without appearing on ends
up to 1/5 of width and length of a piece.
Not admitted in medium and thin lumber |
Admitted on faces and
edges up to 1/2 of width and length of lumber, admitted
showing on end with covering of not more than 10% of end’s area. |
Admitted |
4.2. Light
fungal sap stains and mold |
. |
4.2.1. Surface |
Not admitted |
Admitted on faces and
edges up to 2 mm deep in shape of spots and streaks with total area of
covering of not more than 15% of area of one face. |
Admitted on faces and
edges in shape of spots and steaks. |
Admitted |
4.2.2.
Deep
Note: |
Not admitted |
Admitted on faces and
edges up to 2 mm deep in shape of spots and streaks with total area of
covering of not more than 5% of area of one face. |
Admitted on faces and
edges up to 2 mm deep in shape of spots and streaks with total area of
covering of not more than 50% of area of one face and edges. With
covering of not more than 10% of end area. |
Admitted |
Volume of
lumber with maximum admitted norm of deep fungal sap stains in a batch
of 4 grade shall not exceed 25%.
|
Wood
defects |
Limiting
norms of wood defects by grades |
1
grade |
2
grade |
3
grade |
4
grade |
5
grade |
size |
number |
size |
number |
size |
number |
size |
number |
size |
number |
4.3.
Decay
4.3.1. Sap Decay |
. |
. |
4.3.1.1. Firm |
Not admitted |
In
thick lumber is admitted on face or edge up to 1/5 of
width and length without appearing on ends.
Not admitted in medium and thin lumber
|
Admitted on faces and
edges up to 1/2 of width and length of lumber without
appearing on end. |
Admitted |
4.3.1.2. Soft |
Not admitted |
4.3.2. Heart Decay |
Not admitted |
Brown
checked not admitted.
Firm mottle honeycomb is admitted appearing on all sides in shape of
streaks covering not more than 50% area of one face.
Decay shall not cover more than 20% of and area. |
4.3.3. External rot |
Not admitted |
5. Insect damages |
. |
5.1. Wormholes |
Not admitted |
External is admitted,
caused by bark beetles |
Spruce and Fir
Lumber
Table 2
Wood
defects |
Limiting
norms of wood defects by grades |
1 grade |
2 grade |
3 grade |
4 grade |
5 grade |
size |
number |
size |
number |
size |
number |
size |
number |
size |
number |
1. Knots |
Admitted on outside face
in dimensions in mm and amount in pieces on average per 1000 mm of
lumber length.
|
1.1. Intergrown knots |
1.1.1. Round & Oval |
1.1.1.1.
Face |
In thick
lumber |
13 |
3 |
19-25 |
3 |
Admitted |
Admitted |
Over
13
up to
19 |
1 |
Over
25
up to
38 |
2 |
70-75 |
1-2
on entire
length |
Over
19
up to
25 |
1 |
Over
38
up to
50 |
1-2
on entire
length |
With absence of unsound,
decayed, rotten knots
|
With absence of enlisted
unsound, decayed, rotten knots
|
In medium
lumber |
13 |
2 |
19-25 |
2 |
38-50 |
1 |
Admitted |
Over
13
up to
19 |
1 |
Over
25
up to
37 |
1 |
(over 50
up to
63) |
1 – 2
on entire
length |
With absence of unsound,
decayed, rotten knots
|
In thin
lumber |
13-18 |
1 |
19-31 |
1-2 |
32 |
3 |
Admitted |
(over 32
up to
38) |
1 |
With absence of unsound,
decayed, rotten knots
|
In
lumber
of 75 mm wide of all thickness size of knots shall not exceed: |
1/3 of face width |
1/3 of face width |
1/2 of face width |
2/3 of face width |
Admitted |
Note: |
1. Knots, dimensions
of which are shown in brackets, admitted among recorded knots of
smaller dimensions.
2. Quantity of knots on inside face is admitted: in 1 grade –
double, in 2 grade – one and a half, in 3 grade – one time
correspondently to norm for outside face. |
Wood
defects |
Limiting
norms of wood defects by grades |
1 grade |
2 grade |
3 grade |
4 grade |
5 grade |
size |
number |
size |
number |
size |
number |
size |
number |
size |
number |
1.1.1.2.
Edge & Corner |
Admitted on each edge
with dimensions in mm and number in pieces for entire length of
lumber: |
In thick
lumber: |
Up to 13 |
8 |
19-43 |
3-6 |
44-50 |
1-3 |
Admitted |
Over 13
up to
16 |
4 |
Over 16
up to
18 |
1-3 |
In medium
lumber |
up to 13 |
2-3 |
From 14 up to 2/3 of
thickness of timber |
2-3 |
From 19 up to 3/4 of
thickness of timber |
3-5 |
Admitted |
In thin
lumber |
Up to 6 |
2-3 |
From 7 up to 12 |
1-2 |
From 13 up to thickness
of timber |
2-4 |
Admitted |
1.1.1.3.
End |
Admitted with dimensions
in mm and number in pieces: |
On one end 1 knot up to
25 |
On both ends 1 knot up to
25 |
25 |
1 |
Admitted |
On each end |
1.1.2.
Spike, branchy including appeared on corners, and edge knots |
Admitted
on the inside face of sawn timber (lumber) in total number of
intergrown round and oval knots with dimensions and amount as per
paragraphs 1.1.1.1.; 1.1.1.2. In sawn timber of 1 grade largest
diameter of branchy knot shall not exceed 50 mm and it shall not
cover more than 1/4 of thickness of an edge. |
1.2. Encased sound, unsound,
decaying, rotten |
Admitted on each face
within the amount of intergrown sound knots with dimensions in mm
and number in pieces for the entire length of lumber: |
1.2.1.
Face |
In
thick lumber |
Not admitted |
Up to 30 |
3-6 |
Over
30
up to 50 |
3-6 |
Admitted |
Admitted.
Knot
holes shall not exceed 32 mm in narrow and 38 mm in wide lumber
|
Through the board
unsound, decayed and rotten |
Not admitted |
Up to 38 |
Admitted |
In medium
lumber |
Not admitted |
Up to 20 |
2-4 |
Over 20 up to 25 |
2-4 |
Admitted |
Through the board
unsound, decayed and rotten |
Admitted |
Not admitted |
Up to 25 |
Admitted |
In thin
lumber |
Not admitted |
Up to 16 |
1-3 |
Over 16 up to 22 |
1-3 |
Admitted |
Through the board
unsound, decayed and rotten |
Admitted |
Not admitted |
Up to 25 |
Admitted |
In
lumber
with width of 75 mm and any thickness, dimension of knots shall not
exceed: |
Not admitted |
1/3 of the face width |
1/2 of the face width |
Admitted |
Wood
defects |
Limiting
norms of wood defects by grades |
1 grade |
2 grade |
3 grade |
4 grade |
5 grade |
size |
number |
size |
number |
size |
number |
size |
number |
size |
number |
1.2.2.
Edge and corner,
including knot holes |
Admitted on each edge
with dimensions in mm and number in pieces on the entire length of
lumber
|
In thick
lumber |
Not admitted |
Up to 15 |
1-2 |
16-25 |
2-4 |
Admitted |
In medium
lumber |
Not Admitted |
13-19 |
1-3 |
Admitted |
In thin
lumber |
Not admitted |
6-10 |
1-2 |
Admitted |
Knot holes on edges |
Not admitted |
Admitted covering up to: |
Admitted |
2/3 of thickness of
lumber |
Entire thickness of
lumber with appearing on outside face in extent of 2 mm |
1.2.3. End |
Not admitted |
Admitted |
2.
Checks
2.1. Side Checks
2.1.1. Face
2.1.1.1. Non through |
|
Admitted with extent of not more than: |
Admitted by conditions of
integrity of lumber |
1/3 |
2/3 |
3/4 |
of the length of
lumber |
Without appearing on ends
and edges |
with appearing on one end
up to 1/2 of thickness without exiting from end to edge.
|
2.1.1.2.
Trough
2.1.1.2.1. Through
without appearing on the end, including ring shakes |
Not admitted |
Admitted on outside face
and for ring shakes on inside face with length of not more than: |
Admitted by conditions of
integrity of lumber |
1/4 |
1/3 |
Of the length of
lumber |
2.1.1.2.2.
Through appearing on end |
Admitted with extension
from each end of not more than, mm: |
50 |
75 |
100 |
Width of a piece |
600 |
2.1.2.
Edge checks |
Admitted, mm: |
Shallow, length not more
than 75 mm |
Not crossing corners of
edge |
Admitted |
2.2. End checks
2.2.1. Heart checks |
Not admitted |
Admitted in thick sawn timber on one end with length extent not more
than 3/4 of width of a piece
|
Admitted by conditions of
integrity of lumber |
2.2.2. Ring shakes |
Not admitted |
Admitted
with diameter of not more than, mm:
In sawn timber with width:
25 to 44mm
– 10
45 to 63mm
– 19
above 63mm – 25 |
Admitted by conditions of
integrity of lumber |
Wood
defects |
Limiting
norms of wood defects by grades |
1 grade |
2 grade |
3 grade |
4 grade |
5 grade |
size |
number |
size |
number |
size |
number |
size |
number |
size |
number |
3. Defects of wood structure
3.1. Slope of grain |
Admitted, if grain deviation from straight direction per
300
mm of piece’s length compose not more than, mm: |
Admitted |
13 |
25 |
38 |
3.2 Compression wood |
Admitted without splits
on ends |
Admitted |
3.3
Pitch pockets |
On faces |
Admitted on each face
without appearing on edges and ends with width up to 3 mm and length
not more than, mm: |
Admitted not through up
to 6 mm wide and up to 200 mm long in amount of 10 pcs. on each face
|
Admitted |
75 |
150 |
In amount of not more
than, pcs: |
3 |
5 |
On edges |
Admitted with dimensions
and numbers not exceeding 1/2 of those stipulated for the face. |
Admitted |
On ends |
Not admitted |
Admitted in medium and
thick sawn timber with width up to 3 mm and length up to 1/3 of
width of lumber
|
Admitted |
3.4.
Pith
Note: |
In
lumber
of less than 22 mm thick: |
Not admitted |
Admitted |
In
lumber
of over 22 mm and up to 44 mm thick: |
Admitted with extend of
entire length of lumber with appearing on one or both ends not
far from inside face than: |
Admitted |
1/4 |
1/3 |
1/3 |
Of thickness of
lumber without checks and shakes in 1 and 2 grades. |
In
lumber
of over than 44 mm thick: |
Admitted with extend of
entire length of lumber far from inside face not less than 1/4
of thickness of lumber
|
Admitted |
In a load of sawn timber
of 3 grade not more than 30% of boxed heart is admitted |
3.5. In bark (bark pockets) |
Not admitted |
Admitted
on faces non through in amount up to 4 pcs in lumber with
thickness of 55 mm and up:
125 mm long and 25 mm wide;
in lumber with thickness of less than 55 mm:
63 mm long and 15 mm wide;
On edges 2 pieces up to 2 mm wide, not more than 20 mm long; |
Admitted |
3.6. Pitch & Pitch Streaks |
Not admitted |
Admitted on faces and
edges in form of spots and streaks |
Admitted |
Wood
defects |
Limiting
norms of wood defects by grades |
1 grade |
2 grade |
3 grade |
4 grade |
5 grade |
size |
number |
size |
number |
size |
number |
size |
number |
size |
number |
4. Fungal
defects
4.1. Fungal heartwood stains
(streaks) |
Not admitted |
Admitted
on face or edge up to 1/4 of width and length of lumber
|
Admitted on faces and
edges up to 1/2 of width and length of lumber,
admitted showing on end with covering of not more than 10% of
end’s area.
|
Admitted |
4.2. Light fungal sap
stains and mold
4.2.1.
Surface |
Not admitted |
Admitted on faces and
edges up to 2 mm deep in shape of spots and streaks with total area
of covering of not more than 15% of area of one face
|
Admitted on faces and
edges in shape of spots and steaks. Covering of not more than 10% of
end’s area
|
Admitted |
4.2.2.
Deep
Note: |
Not admitted |
Admitted on faces and
edges in shape of spots and streaks with total area of covering of
not more than 5% of area of one face.
|
Admitted on faces and
edges in shape of spots and streaks with total area of covering of
not more than 50% of area of one face and edges. With covering of
not more than 10% of end’s area.
|
Admitted |
Volume of
lumber with maximum admitted norm of deep fungal sap stains in a
batch of 4 grade shall not exceed 25%.
|
4.3. Decay
4.3.1. Sap decay
4.3.1.1. Firm |
Not admitted |
Admitted on face or edge
up to 1/4 of width and length of lumber
|
Admitted on faces and
edges up to 1/2 of width and length of lumber without appearing on
ends
|
Admitted |
4.3.1.2. Soft |
Not admitted |
4.3.2. Heart Decay |
Not admitted |
Admitted firm non through
with dimensions up to 1/5 of width and length of lumber without
appearing on ends
|
Admitted firm on one face
with dimensions up to 1/4 of width and 1/3 of length of lumber,
slightly exiting on another face and edges
|
Brown
checked not admitted.
Firm mottle honeycomb is admitted appearing on all sides in shape of
streaks covering not more than 50% area of one face.
Decay shall not cover more than 25% of end’s area
|
4.3.3. External rot |
Not admitted |
5. Insect damages
5.1. Wormholes |
Not admitted |
External is admitted, caused by bark beetles |
Note: Table 1 & 2 |
1.
Amount of knots for entire length of lumber, shown “from –
to” means that less amount is admitted for short lumber and
more – for long.
2. Knots with less dimensions than indicated are disregarded.
3. Intergrown knots could be knots fully intrgrown on one face and
fully incased on another face or edge.
4. In U/S (1-3 grades together) lumber, simultaneous presence
of incased knots, checks and fungus sapwood stains with maximum
limits are not admitted.
5. With absence of other limiting defects one defect is admitted
exceeding 20% of parameters, except for blue stain and checks. |
Table 3
Wood
defects |
Limiting
norms of wood defects by grades |
1 grade |
2 grade |
3 grade |
4 grade |
5 grade |
size |
number |
size |
number |
size |
number |
size |
number |
size |
number |
1. Manufacturing defects
1.1. Wane |
|
1.1.1.
Obtuse |
Admitted on one edge with
extension of not more than: |
Admitted on both edges
extended not more than 2/3 of the length of lumber
|
Admitted on both edges
extended on entire length with covering of not more than 2/3 of
thickness and width of lumber
|
1/5 |
1/4 |
1/3 |
Of the length of the
lumber |
On both edges: |
1/10 |
1/5 |
1/4 |
Of the length of the
lumber |
Width of wane, calculated
by maximum value of miss sawn part in mm, is admitted of not
more than: |
In
lumber with
thickness up to 25 mm: |
1/4 |
1/3 |
1/2 |
2/3 |
Of thickness of lumber |
In
lumber with
thickness over 25 mm: |
1/5 |
1/4 |
1/3 |
2/3 |
Of thickness of lumber |
|
Wane admitted on
condition that sawn part of edge shall be not less than 1/2 of
thickness of lumber
|
1.1.2. Sharp |
Not admitted |
Admitted on one edge not
more than 1/10 of length of lumber provided that nominal width
of inside face shall be maintained
|
Note: |
The wane shall be free of
bark and inner bark, in lumber of 5 grade inner bark may be
present |
1.2. Saw marks |
The depth of saw teeth
marks shall not exceed 0,75 mm |
1.3. Fringe |
Not admitted |
1.4. Bevel cut |
Declinations from
perpendicularity of end to face and to edge are admitted up to
3% of width and thickness of lumber correspondently. |
1.5. Chipping |
Chipping due to
mechanical damages, saw kerfs, knife marks caused by debarking
machines on edge corners next to inside face are not admitted;
on edge corners next to outside face are admitted
correspondently to wane limitations. |
1.6. Waving |
The height of wave shall
not exceed 0,75 mm |
1.7. Torn
grain |
On faces |
Admitted not more than
0,75 mm deep without number limitations |
Admitted up to 3 mm deep
without number limitations
|
Admitted |
On edges |
Admitted not more than 3
mm deep without number limitations |
Admitted not more than 5
mm deep without number limitations
|
Admitted |
Note: |
Limits for waving and
torn grain are indicated only for lumber recovered on “chip
and saw” equipment |
1.8. Foreign particles (nails,
wire, metal debris and etc.) |
Not admitted |
Wood
defects |
Limiting
norms of wood defects by grades |
1 grade |
2 grade |
3 grade |
4 grade |
5 grade |
size |
number |
size |
number |
size |
number |
size |
number |
size |
number |
2. Warping |
|
2.1. Crook |
Admitted with deflection
of not more than, % |
0,10 |
0,10 |
0,15 |
0,20 |
admitted |
Of the length of lumber |
Note: |
1. Volume of lumber with
admitted crook warp shall not exceed 20% of the total volume of
the said grade.
2. Values for crook warp for lumber of different length are given
in reference Annex |
2.2. Bow |
Admitted with deflection
per each 1500 mm of the length of lumber of not more than, mm: |
Admitted |
2 |
4 |
6 |
13 |
2.3. Cup |
Admitted with deflection
of not more than, mm: |
Admitted |
For wide lumber |
3 |
3 |
6 |
10 |
For narrow lumber |
1 |
1 |
3 |
6 |
2.4. Twist |
Admitted with deflection
from sawing plain not more than 13 mm for entire length of lumber |
Admitted |
Note: |
Volume of lumber with
crook, bow and twist, provided p. 2.2-2.4 shall not exceed in U/S
grade - 10%, in 4 grade – 20% of total volume. |
3. Acceptance Rules and
Methods of Control
3.1. Acceptance rules and methods of control – as per GOST
6564-84
3.2. Sizes of knots are determined by the smallest diameter.
Measurement of spike, branchy including appeared on
corners and edge knots shall be taken on corner of lumber. Their
size to be accepted as per the norms of admitted knots on edges.
Their depth of covering of edge shall be measured by the distance
between corner and tangent placed parallel to the corner. |
Values of crook warping for lumber by length and
grades:
Length of lumber in mm |
Crook warping by grades |
Unsorted (U/S) |
4 grade |
% |
mm |
% |
mm |
1500 |
0,15 |
2,2 |
0,2 |
3,0 |
1800 |
0,15 |
2,7 |
0,2 |
3,6 |
2100 |
0,15 |
3,2 |
0,2 |
4,2 |
2400 |
0,15 |
3,6 |
0,2 |
4,8 |
2700 |
0,15 |
4,0 |
0,2 |
5,4 |
3000 |
0,15 |
4,5 |
0,2 |
6,0 |
3300 |
0,15 |
5,0 |
0,2 |
6,6 |
3600 |
0,15 |
5,4 |
0,2 |
7,2 |
3900 |
0,15 |
5,8 |
0,2 |
7,8 |
4200 |
0,15 |
6,3 |
0,2 |
8,4 |
4500 |
0,15 |
6,8 |
0,2 |
9,0 |
4800 |
0,15 |
7,2 |
0,2 |
9,6 |
5100 |
0,15 |
7,6 |
0,2 |
10,2 |
5400 |
0,15 |
8,1 |
0,2 |
10,8 |
5700 |
0,15 |
8,6 |
0,2 |
11,4 |
6000 |
0,15 |
9,0 |
0,2 |
12,0 |
6300 |
0,15 |
9,4 |
0,2 |
12,6 |
6600 |
0,15 |
9,9 |
0,2 |
13,2 |
6900 |
0,15 |
10,4 |
0,2 |
13,8 |
7200 |
0,15 |
10,8 |
0,2 |
14,4 |
7500 |
0,15 |
11,2 |
0,2 |
15,0 |
|